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City of Five Flags

Revision as of 09:42, 11 May 2009 by Admin (talk | contribs)

Pensacola is often called the City of Five Flags due to the five national governments who have controlled the area at various times: Spain, France, Britain, the Confederacy and the United States. These five governments in fact used a variety of flags over the years.

Flag Name Usage Notes
CastileLeonFlag.png Flag of Castile and León Luna expedition
1559
Notes
BurgundianSaltire.png Cross of Burgundy flag First Spanish period
1698-1719
Notes
FrenchFlag.png The France Modern banner of Charles V[1] French period
1719-1722
Three fleur-de-lis represent the Christian Trinity.
BurgundianSaltire.png Cross of Burgundy flag Second Spanish period
1723-1763
Notes
BritishFlag.png British flag British period
1763-1781
Notes
SpanishNavalEnsign.png Naval ensign of Charles III Third Spanish period
1781-1821
The third Spanish period was interrupted by the 1818 invasion of Andrew Jackson, who briefly established an American provisional government in the city.
USFlag-23Stars.png Antebellum U.S. flag (23 stars) United States
1821-1861
The U.S. flag gained ten stars between 1821 to 1861, from 23 to 33. Florida became the 27th star when it received statehood on July 4, 1845
ConfederateStarsAndBars.png Confederate first national pattern
"Stars and Bars" flag
Civil War
1861-1862
See below. The U.S. flag was actually restored when Pensacola was surrendered to Union forces on May 10, 1862. The state surrendered on May 20, 1865.
USFlag-50Stars.png Modern U.S. flag United States
1865-Present
The U.S. flag had 37 stars when Florida was readmitted to the Union on June 25, 1868. The current (50-star) flag is used in Pensacola's five flag displays.

Confederate flag

For many years, the flag flown over Pensacola to represent Confederate rule was the "battle flag," the design most commonly associated with the Confederacy. However, Pensacola's involvement in the Civil War had ended by 1862, before the battle flag was widely adopted, and there is no evidence that it ever flew over Pensacola.

Due to the controversial nature of the battle flag, which opponents say is a symbol of racial hatred, its use was increasingly criticized after the civil rights movement. After black students protested the use of the flag at Escambia High School (along with the "Rebel" mascot and school song "Dixie"), it was deemed "racially irritating" by U.S. District Court Judge Winston E. Arnow in 1973 and barred from the school's use. This in part led to riots at the school in 1976.

On January 25, 2000, Pensacola City Manager Tom Bonfield decided to replace the battle flag with the Stars and Bars flag, which was deemed more appropriate and "historically correct" by local historians, on several City of Pensacola facilities. The Pensacola City Council voted 7-2 on February 10 to confirm the use of the Stars and Bars flag instead of the battle flag. On the same day, however, the Escambia County Commission voted unanimously to keep the battle flag.

References