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[[Image:{{Infobox Biography| subject_name =James Cornelius Van Pelt| image_name =JCVanPelt1904pic.jpg|thumbimage_size =225px|rightimage_caption =From ''The Bliss Magazine'', March [[1904]]| date_of_birth =[[February 8]], [[1864]]|180pxplace_of_birth =Alabama|Photo of date_of_death =[[July 31]], [[1927]]| place_of_death =| occupation =Farmer, [[Escambia County Sheriff James C. ]]| religion =| spouse =Mattie Jane Shepherd| parents =John Smiley and Sarah Van Pelt from the 1904 issue of The Bliss Magazine]]| children =James Lester, Margaret Caroline, Annie, Jessie}}'''James Cornelius Van Pelt''' ([[February 8]], [[1864]] - [[July 31]], [[1927]]) served two terms as [[Escambia County Sheriff]], [[1903]]-[[1913]], and [[1917]]-[[1919]].

Van Pelt was a farmer, dairyman and merchant by trade. He was named sheriff in [[1903]] after the unexpected death of [[George E. Smith]]. He presided over a eventful and tumultuous period in the history of [[Escambia County, Florida]], from massive construction projects that transformed [[downtown Pensacola]] to events like the [[1908 streetcar operators' strike|Pensacola Streetcar Company strike]] of [[1908]]. In [[1912]], Van Pelt oversaw the completion of the [[Court of Record Building]] and transferred prisoners to the new jail contained therein. Van Pelt was defeated in the [[1912]] election by [[A. Cary Ellis]], but ran again in [[1916]] and won. In [[1919]], Sheriff Van Pelt was involved in a scandal involving liquor distillation. The Eighteenth Amendment had been ratified at the time, but it would not go into effect until [[January 16]], [[1920]]. Nevertheless, due largely to the administration of Governor [[Wikipedia:Sidney J. Catts|Sidney J. Catts]], a member of the Prohibition Party, Van Pelt was removed from office. He is buried in [[Clopton Cemetery]].<ref>http://boards.ancestry.com/surnames.van-20-pelt/239.1/mb.ashx</ref> ==Leander Shaw Incident==On [[July 29]], [[1908]], Sheriff Van Pelt was warned of an angry mob determined to lynch [[Leander Shaw]], a black man accused of raping a white woman, [[Lillie Davis]]. The sheriff and several deputies gathered on the steps of the [[Old Escambia County Jail|County Jail]], where Shaw was being held, and several other prisoners were transferred to the jail's backyard for safety. Van Pelt reportedly deputized the entire crowd, apparently thinking that the mob would have to obey the law and disperse if its members were sheriff's deputies. The tactic failed; instead the members of the crowd yelled, ""If we're deputies, open the gate and let us in!"<ref>"[http://inweekly.net/article.asp?artID=4410 Lillie & Leander: A Legacy of Violence]." ''Independent News''. April 19, 2007.</ref> According to the ''[[Pensacola News]]'', "a mob variously estimated from 1000 to 1200 stormed the jail," at which point Van Pelt blocked their entry with an ultimatum:{{cquote|Gentlemen, here I am. You can kill me if you want to, but if you get my prisoner, it will be over my dead body. I have sworn to do my duty, and I am going to do it if I die for it!<ref>[[John Appleyard]]. ''The Peacekeepers: the Story of Escambia County, Florida's 43 Sheriffs''. 2007.</ref>|20px|20px}} The sheriff was seized by several men and wrestled to the ground, at which point his gun discharged, killing a member of the crowd and further agitating the mob. Sheriff Van Pelt and his brother, [[John A. Van Pelt]], were injured in the resulting melee, and Shaw was taken and hanged from an electric pole in nearby [[Plaza Ferdinand VII]]. The documentary film [[Lillie & Leander: A Legacy of Violence]] depicts this incident and its aftermath. ==Electoral history=====[[Escambia County Sheriff]], [[1908]]===''This election was held [[May 19]], [[1908]].'' {bio| class="wikitable"|-|'''<span style="color:blue;">DEM<span>'''|'''[[James C. Van Pelt]]''' '''(i)'''|'''1,872'''|'''57%'''|-|'''<span style="color:blue;">DEM<span>'''|[[Frank D. Sanders]]|836|26%|-stub|'''<span style="color:blue;">DEM<span>'''|[[A. Cary Ellis]]|412|13%|-|'''<span style="color:blue;">DEM<span>'''|[[W. H. Kilbee]]|140|4%|} ==References=={{reflist}} {{start box}}{{succession box | before = [[George E. Smith]] | title = [[Escambia County Sheriff|Escambia&nbsp;County&nbsp;Sheriff]] | years = [[1903]]-[[1913]] | after = [[A. Cary Ellis]]}}{{succession box | before = [[A. Cary Ellis]] | title = [[Escambia County Sheriff|Escambia&nbsp;County&nbsp;Sheriff]] | years = [[1917]]-[[1919]] | after = [[Curtis S. Whitaker]]}}{{end box}} [[Category:Escambia County Sheriffs|van Pelt, James C.]]