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{{refbegin}}
*Mary Barrineau. "Escambia High Closed After 30 Hurt in Nickname Melee." ''Pensacola Journal'', February 6, 1976.
{{refend}}
[[Image:EscambiaHighRiot1.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Students at Escambia High School flee from a tear gas cannister]]
The '''Escambia High School riots''' were racially motivated nonviolent and violent demonstrations which occurred in varying forms between [[1972]] and [[1977]] at the then-newly [[Segregation|desegregated ]] [[Escambia High School]]. The centerpiece riot, which received the most publicity and was the most violent demonstration, occurred on [[February 5]], [[1976]].
==Background& early violence==[[Image:EscambiaHighRebelFlag.jpg|thumb|right|White Escambia High students carry a [[Confederate flag]]]]
[[Escambia High School]], formerly an all-white school, was forcibly desegregated in [[1969]]. In the fall of 1972, black students rioted at a home football game for their team, whose mascot was a "Rebel," modelled in appearance after the [[Wikipedia:Colonel Reb|Colonel Reb]] of the [[Wikipedia:University of Mississippi|University of Mississippi]]. The school band played the official school song, "[[Wikipedia:Dixie (song)|Dixie]]," and it was from there that the violence ensued.<ref>[http://www.sptimes.com/2005/01/23/State/A_dubious_demise.shtml "State: A dubious demise."] ''St. Petersburg Times'', January 23, 2005.</ref>
Throughout 1974, the [[Escambia County School District]] appealed the decision, and on [[January 25]], [[1975]], the United States Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the school board, overturning the injunction and decreeing that the school board should be in charge of the matter.<ref>''Augustus v. School Board of Escambia County'', 507 F.2d 152, 1975</ref>
==Election and & main riot==[[Image:EscambiaHighRiot2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Non-student [[Raymond Lindsay]] is arrested for aggravated assaulted]]On [[February 4]], [[1976]], an impromptu school election was held in which students were allowed to vote to either keep the name as "Raiders" or change the name back to "Rebels." The students who preferred "Rebels" failed to secure a [[Wikipedia:supermajority|supermajority]] needed to win the ballot, and . White students complained the next day, a riot ensued over four hours in the school day.<ref name=vote was "schoolboardunfair">Richard Robbinsbecause there had not been enough advance notice. [http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/richard.robbins/Belief/chapter_two.htm "The Belief Machine: The Metaphoric Construction vote was held on senior skip day, resulting in a large number of the World."]</ref> Four students were shot in the violence and twenty-six students were injured by rocks and debris while the calamity involved students smashing windows and trophy cases, as well as fighting with other students. It was estimated being absent from school that three-quarters of day for the 2,523 students who attended Escambia High were involved in the riotvote.
The next day, hundreds of white students gathered outside the school and attempted to hoist a [[Confederate flag]] on the flagpole. After black students in the school lobby saw the display, a riot erupted. In the days following ensuing violence, which lasted for four hours, around 30 students were injured and four were shot, including football team quarterback [[Keith Hughes]]. The school suffered extensive damage from the event, with nearly a hundred windows smashed, as well as trophy cases, clocks, water fountains and a water pipe that flooded the building's north wing. Principal [[Chris Banakas]] estimated that three-quarters of the 2,523 students who attended Escambia High were involved in the riot. "We ended up with a bunch of whites outside throwing rocks and breaking windows, and a bunch of blacks inside breaking windows," he said.<ref name="closed">Mary Barrineau. "Escambia High Closed After 30 Hurt in Nickname Melee." ''Pensacola Journal'', February 6, 1976.</ref> Several non-student adults were arrested at the scene by [[Escambia County Sheriff's Office|Escambia Sheriff's deputies]]. One 18-year-old student and three juveniles were also arrested, and 17 others detained. Many of the students involved later faced disciplinary actions. State Representative [[R. W. "Smokey" Peaden]] arrived at the school during the riotand promised the white students he would demand a new vote on the nickname. "If you want our help, act as adults," he said. "If you act as you've acted this morning, you're liable to not get any help at all."<ref name="closed"/> [[Escambia County Superintendent]] [[J. E. Hall]] cancelled Friday's classes at the school. The next week, attendance at the school dropped dramatically, especially among black students. There were reports of white students jeering at blacks on the nearly empty buses, and a white youth was found loitering near the school with a length of chain, but no incidents of violence occurred.
==Aftermath==
In the weeks that followeed, howeverfollowed, crosses were burned on many school board members' yards, with one member, who was black, specifically targeted with a gunshot which went through his window. A human relations board member as well as a state legislator also had their homes torched. [5] After all the retaliatory violence both at the school and in the community, members from the Florida National Guard was called in Highway Patrol and numerous local law enforcement agencies combined to patrol the school until the end of the year. While waiting for a final determination from the courts and the school board; the student body selected the nickname "Patriots" to be used at school sponsored events during the 1976–77 academic year. In the fall spring of 19761977, after hearing the courts final decision that "Rebels" was not to be reinstated the students chose the name "Gators" after a second ballot was deemed necessaryas the permanent nickname. On [[July 26]]13, [[1977]], the [[Wikipedia:Ku Klux Klan|Ku Klux Klan]] held a rally on (KKK) petitioned the school grounds with regards Escambia County School Board to the issue, which necessitated hold a reorganization of the school boardmeeting at Escambia High School. The name "Gators" has been used for Escambia High's athletic teams sinceSchool Student Body president, John Davis, without incidentsuccessfully argued against the petition before the board.[6] The board voted 5-1 against the petition.
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Link title]]5. King, Wayne (1976-03-07). "Racial Animosity Turns to Violence in Pensacola, Fla., on Issue of Calling High School Teams 'Rebels'". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
[[Link title]]6. Pensacola News Journal article dated July 14, 1977. "Board turns down Klan meeting plea" by Journal Staff writer Marry Barrineau
[[Category:Demonstrations & unrest]] [[Category:Race relations]] [[Category:Escambia County School District]]
