Editing British Pensacola
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===British acquisition=== | ===British acquisition=== | ||
[[Image:West Florida Map 1767.jpg|thumb|right|British West Florida in [[1767]]]] | [[Image:West Florida Map 1767.jpg|thumb|right|British West Florida in [[1767]]]] | ||
− | Great Britain came into possession of Pensacola, and the rest of Florida, as a result of the [[Wikipedia:Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]] (1763), which ended the [[Wikipedia:French and Indian War|French and Indian War]], the North American component of the wider [[Wikipedia:Seven Years' War|Seven Years' War]]. Britain organized its new holdings into two territories: '''East Florida''', which comprised modern Florida east of the [[Wikipedia:Apalachicola River|Apalachicola River]], with its capital at Saint Augustine; and '''West Florida''', which comprised the portions of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida that laid south of the [[Wikipedia:31st parallel north|31st parallel]] and between the Mississippi and Apalachicola Rivers. In [[1764]], the British moved the northern boundary up to 32° | + | Great Britain came into possession of Pensacola, and the rest of Florida, as a result of the [[Wikipedia:Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]] (1763), which ended the [[Wikipedia:French and Indian War|French and Indian War]], the North American component of the wider [[Wikipedia:Seven Years' War|Seven Years' War]]. Britain organized its new holdings into two territories: '''East Florida''', which comprised modern Florida east of the [[Wikipedia:Apalachicola River|Apalachicola River]], with its capital at Saint Augustine; and '''West Florida''', which comprised the portions of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida that laid south of the [[Wikipedia:31st parallel north|31st parallel]] and between the Mississippi and Apalachicola Rivers. In [[1764]], the British moved the northern boundary up to 32° 22′ north, absorbing the southern thirds of modern-day Mississippi and Alabama. |
− | Britain took official possession of Pensacola on [[August 7]], [[1763]], when a Captain Wills of the Third Battery of the Royal Artillery | + | Britain took official possession of Pensacola on [[August 7]], [[1763]], when a Captain Wills of the Third Battery of the Royal Artillery received it from the Spanish commandant. On [[September 3]] Spain evacuated the last of its troops.<ref>Hamilton, Peter J. [http://books.google.com/books?id=_0wUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=titlepage#PPA399,M1 "British West Florida"]. ''Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society''. Oxford, Miss.: 1903.</ref> |
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===Revolutionary War=== | ===Revolutionary War=== | ||
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In [[1779]], France and Spain signed the [[Wikipedia:Treaty of Aranjuez (1779)|Treaty of Aranjuez]]. Although Spain did not recognize the United States, it agreed under the terms of the treaty to aid France in its war against Britain. | In [[1779]], France and Spain signed the [[Wikipedia:Treaty of Aranjuez (1779)|Treaty of Aranjuez]]. Although Spain did not recognize the United States, it agreed under the terms of the treaty to aid France in its war against Britain. | ||
− | ===Spain | + | ===Spain takes Pensacola=== |
− | + | On [[March 9]], [[1781]], Spanish Field Marshal [[Bernardo de Gálvez]] began an amphibious siege of Pensacola. The siege lasted for two months before Gálvez took the town on [[May 8]]. Later that year, British forces under General Charles Cornwallis surrendered to American forces at [[Wikipedia:Siege of Yorktown|Yorktown]], essentially ending the land war, although British and French naval forces continued to battle at sea. The war officially ended with the [[Wikipedia:Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]] ([[1783]]), at which time Britain ceded East and West Florida to Spain. | |
− | On [[March 9]], [[1781]], Spanish Field Marshal [[Bernardo de Gálvez]] began an amphibious | ||
==British occupation== | ==British occupation== | ||
===City plan=== | ===City plan=== | ||
[[Image:1778PurcellPlan.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Joseph Purcell's 1778 plan of the city]] | [[Image:1778PurcellPlan.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Joseph Purcell's 1778 plan of the city]] | ||
− | In [[1764]], British civil engineer [[Elias Durnford]] surveyed the town and laid out a street grid which remains mostly preserved to the present day. British Pensacola centered on a large public space which included modern-day [[Plaza Ferdinand VII]], [[Seville Square]] and the space between the two (the area which today lies between [[Palafox Street|Palafox]] and [[Alcaniz Street]]s and south of [[Intendencia Street]]). The water line at that time was located approximately where [[Main Street]] lies today. Within the public space was [[Fort at Pensacola|a large fort]]. | + | In [[1764]], British civil engineer [[Elias Durnford]] surveyed the town and laid out a street grid which remains mostly preserved to the present day. British Pensacola centered on a large public space which included modern-day [[Plaza Ferdinand VII]], [[Seville Square]] and the space between the two (the area which today lies between [[Palafox Street|Palafox]] and [[Alcaniz Street]]s and south of [[Intendencia Street]]). The water line at that time was located approximately where [[Main Street]] lies today. Within the public space was [[Fort at Pensacola|a large fort]]. |
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− | The British also | + | The British also constructed [[Fort George]] north of the town at [[Gage Hill]], and the [[Queen's Redoubt]] to the northwest. |
===Administration=== | ===Administration=== | ||
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*[[Peter Chester]] (1770-1781) | *[[Peter Chester]] (1770-1781) | ||
− | + | Johnston, Pensacola's first British governor, became unpopular with settlers due to his faithful enforcement of unpopular British policies such as the [[Wikipedia:Stamp Act 1765|Stamp Act]]. He caused further discord with his policy of aggression toward Indians, and under pressure either resigned or was recalled in late [[1766]] or early [[1767]]. The lieutenant governor, [[Montfort Browne]], served as governor until his replacement, [[John Eliot]], arrived. Eliot was delayed in England and did not arrive in Pensacola until [[1769]]. However, Eliot was affected by a strange malady, possibly a brain tumor, and committed suicide shortly after arriving in Pensacola. [[Elias Durnford]] served as governor until Eliot's replacement, [[Peter Chester]], arrived in [[1770]]. | |
===British placenames=== | ===British placenames=== | ||
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|[[Zaragoza Street]], west of the public space (west of modern-day [[Palafox Street]]) | |[[Zaragoza Street]], west of the public space (west of modern-day [[Palafox Street]]) | ||
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− | | | + | |Butt Street |
|[[Government Street]], east of the public space (east of modern-day [[Alcaniz Street]]) | |[[Government Street]], east of the public space (east of modern-day [[Alcaniz Street]]) | ||
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|Gloucester Street | |Gloucester Street | ||
|[[Cevallos Street]] | |[[Cevallos Street]] | ||
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|Harcourt Street | |Harcourt Street | ||
|[[Intendencia Street]], east of the public space (east of modern-day [[Alcaniz Street]]) | |[[Intendencia Street]], east of the public space (east of modern-day [[Alcaniz Street]]) | ||
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|Johnstone Street | |Johnstone Street | ||
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|Princess Street | |Princess Street | ||
|[[Romana Street]] | |[[Romana Street]] | ||
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|Sandy Point | |Sandy Point | ||
|''[[Town Point]]'' | |''[[Town Point]]'' | ||
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|York Street | |York Street |