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In Jacksonville, an African-American minister named Andrew Patterson was arrested for violating the law, and his resulting lawsuit, ''Patterson v. Florida'', contested the legality of segregation. On [[July 29]], less than a month after the Jim Crow law went into effect, the Florida Supreme Court found for the plaintiff and struck down the law as unconstitutional — not in opposition of segregation per se, but because Section 7 of the act allowed "colored nurses having the care of white children or sick persons" to accompany their charges in the white section, "thus discriminating between the races" in violation of the [[Wikipedia:Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourteenth Amendment]].<ref>"Florida 'Jim Crow' Law Void." ''New York Times'', July 30, 1905.</ref> Thereafter, the ''Pensacola Journal'' noted, "The negroes began to ride early and it was noticeable that they almost invariably occupied the front seats."<ref name="ortiz"/> | In Jacksonville, an African-American minister named Andrew Patterson was arrested for violating the law, and his resulting lawsuit, ''Patterson v. Florida'', contested the legality of segregation. On [[July 29]], less than a month after the Jim Crow law went into effect, the Florida Supreme Court found for the plaintiff and struck down the law as unconstitutional — not in opposition of segregation per se, but because Section 7 of the act allowed "colored nurses having the care of white children or sick persons" to accompany their charges in the white section, "thus discriminating between the races" in violation of the [[Wikipedia:Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourteenth Amendment]].<ref>"Florida 'Jim Crow' Law Void." ''New York Times'', July 30, 1905.</ref> Thereafter, the ''Pensacola Journal'' noted, "The negroes began to ride early and it was noticeable that they almost invariably occupied the front seats."<ref name="ortiz"/> | ||
− | However, segregation was soon reinstituted when the [[City of Pensacola]] passed an ordinance (sponsored by the [[Pensacola Chamber of Commerce|Chamber of Commerce]]) using modified Avery language. The ordinance was vetoed by [[Pensacola Mayor|Mayor]] [[Charles H. Bliss]], out of concerns that it would also be found unconstitutional, but was passed by the council regardless. It went into effect on [[October | + | However, segregation was soon reinstituted when the [[City of Pensacola]] passed an ordinance (sponsored by the [[Pensacola Chamber of Commerce|Chamber of Commerce]]) using modified Avery language. The ordinance was vetoed by [[Pensacola Mayor|Mayor]] [[Charles H. Bliss]], out of concerns that it would also be found unconstitutional, but was passed by the council regardless. It went into effect on [[October 15]], 1905. |
[[L. B. Croom]] was jailed for violating the streetcar laws, and in the [[1906]] cases ''Croom v. Schad'' and ''Patterson v. Taylor'' these new segregation laws were upheld as constitutional.<ref>Shira Levine. [http://www.umich.edu/~historyj/pages_folder/articles/To_Maintain_Our_Self-Respect.pdf "'To Maintain Our Self-Respect': The Jacksonville Challenge to Segregated Street Cars and the Meaning of Equality, 1900-1906."]</ref> | [[L. B. Croom]] was jailed for violating the streetcar laws, and in the [[1906]] cases ''Croom v. Schad'' and ''Patterson v. Taylor'' these new segregation laws were upheld as constitutional.<ref>Shira Levine. [http://www.umich.edu/~historyj/pages_folder/articles/To_Maintain_Our_Self-Respect.pdf "'To Maintain Our Self-Respect': The Jacksonville Challenge to Segregated Street Cars and the Meaning of Equality, 1900-1906."]</ref> |