https://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Tacokitty&feedformat=atomPensapedia, the Pensacola encyclopedia - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T06:33:21ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.32.2https://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=N._B._Cook_Elementary_School&diff=23326N. B. Cook Elementary School2011-08-28T19:30:03Z<p>Tacokitty: </p>
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<div>{{Infobox School<br />
|name=N. B. Cook Elementary<br />
|image=<br />
|caption=<br />
|type=public K-5 magnet<br />
|location=1310 North [[12th Avenue]]<br />
|opened =<br />
|closed=<br />
|asstprinc=<br />
|students=<br />
|teachers=<br />
|staff=<br />
|namesake=[[N. B. Cook]]<br />
|mascot=<br />
|colors=<br />
|yearbook=<br />
|phone=(850) 595-6826<br />
|website=[http://old.escambia.k12.fl.us/schscnts/cooe/N_B_Cook_Elem.html Official site]<br />
|mapcode=<br />
}}<br />
'''N. B. Cook Elementary School of the Arts''' is a public K-5 magnet school in the [[Escambia County School District]]. It is located at 1310 North [[12th Avenue]]. The current principal is [[Troy Brown]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{sectstub}}<br />
<br />
==Curriculum==<br />
{{sectstub}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin: 1em auto 1em auto"<br />
|+School Accountability Report<ref>[http://schoolgrades.fldoe.org/reports/ Florida Department of Education]</ref><br />
|-<br />
! School Year !! Grade !! High Standards in Reading !! High Standards in Math !! High Standards in Writing !! High Standards in Science !! Free & Reduced Lunch !! Minority<br />
|-<br />
! 2006-07<br />
| A || 88% || 86% || 89% || 64% || 38% || 40%<br />
|-<br />
! 2005-06<br />
| A || 92% || 84% || 82% || || 37% || 39%<br />
|-<br />
! 2004-05<br />
| A || 85% || 75% || 68% || || 40% || 40%<br />
|-<br />
! 2003-04<br />
| B || 79% || 64% || 79% || || 39% || 40%<br />
|-<br />
! 2002-03<br />
| A || 83% || 65% || 91% || || 37% || 41%<br />
|-<br />
! 2001-02<br />
| A || 80% || 70% || 84% || || || <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Extra-curricular activities==<br />
{{sectstub}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Escambia County elementary schools]] [[Category:Escambia County School District]]</div>Tacokittyhttps://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=University_of_West_Florida&diff=23311University of West Florida2011-08-21T03:51:49Z<p>Tacokitty: /* Athletics */</p>
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<div>{{Infobox University |<br />
name = University of West Florida|<br />
image=[[Image:Uwfseal.jpg|180px|University of West Florida Seal]] |<br />
motto= ''UWF Begins With You'' |<br />
established=[[1963]] |<br />
president=Dr. Judith Bense|<br />
city=[[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]] |<br />
state=[[Florida]]|<br />
country=[[United States]]|<br />
undergrad=7,891 |<br />
unclassified=727 |<br />
postgrad=1,264 |<br />
students= 9,882 |<br />
faculty=374 |<br />
endowment=44+ million |<br />
campus=1,600 acres (6.47 km&sup2;)|<br />
|free_label = Athletics<br />
|free = 14 Sports, ([[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division II]])|<br />
nickname=The Argonauts (Argos) |<br />
mascot=[[Argonauts|Argonaut]] |<br />
colors=[[blue|sky blue]] and [[sea green]] |<br />
website=http://www.uwf.edu}}<br />
<br />
The '''University of West Florida''' is a mid-sized public university, located in Pensacola, it is a member institution of the State University System of Florida. UWF is a Doctoral/Research university, specializing in engineering and the humanities. It is a space-grant institution that was established in 1955, sitting on the third largest campus in the Florida University System, 1600 acres. The UWF main campus is a nature preserve that is bordered by two rivers and Escambia Bay. The University of West Florida is an exceptionally progressive university in terms of technology and environmental policy, as exemplified by their investment in the new Science and Engineering building, the BEST house and their investments in solar powered student housing. UWF is known for its small class sizes and its intimate, private school like educational atmosphere, which distinguishes it from the larger universities in the Florida SUS. The university's mascot is an Argonaut, and the school's logo is the Chambered Nautilus.<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
The University of West Florida is a public university, receiving most of its funding through state funds and tuition. A 13-member [[UWF Board of Trustees]] governs the University.<ref>http://www.uwf.edu/trustees/</ref> The undergraduate and graduate programs are divided into three Colleges, with the [[University of West Florida College of Arts and Sciences]] being the largest and most complex.<br />
<br />
{| style='border:1px solid #dddddd; background-color:#fefefe; padding:3px; margin:0px'<br />
|<br />
<span style='font-size: 116%'>'''Undergraduate'''</span><br /><br />
*[[University of West Florida College of Arts and Sciences|College of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
*[[University of West Florida College of Business|College of Business]]<br />
| width='40' |<br />
|<br />
<span style='font-size: 116%'>'''Graduate and professional'''</span><br /><br />
*[[University of West Florida Master of Business Administration Program|MBA Program]]<br />
*[[University of West Florida College of Professional Studies|College of Professional Studies]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Profile===<br />
Currently, UWF enrolls nearly 11,300 students (2009/2010 AY head count) in its three colleges, and has conferred more than 59,000 associate, bachelor's, master's, specialist, and doctoral degrees. <ref>[http://uwf.edu/admissions/quick.htm Quick facts]</ref><br />
[[Image:Us-fl-uwf.gif|right|thumb|250px|The official flag of The University of West Florida.]]<br />
* 49 degree programs, more than 117 specializations<br />
* 40% male, 60% women<br />
* Student population represents all 50 states and 92 countries<br />
* 20% of UWF students are minority, 1.6% are international students<br />
* 89% of students are Florida residents, 11% of students are non-Florida residents<br />
* Average class size is 29 students <br />
* Middle 50th Percentile ACT score is 21-25<br />
* Middle 50th Percentile SAT score is 970-1150<br />
* Middle 50th Percentile high school GPA is 3.1-4.0<br />
* Student to Faculty ratio is 20:1<br />
* 98% of classes (excluding some labs) are taught by faculty, of which 83% have a terminal degree<br />
* NCAA Divisions II Sports<br />
* Over 100 clubs and organizations<br />
<br />
===School of Science and Engineering===<br />
In February 2010 UWF opened a new multimillion dollar facility, the home of the new School of Science and Engineering. Some of the programs relocating to the SSE are Computer Science, Computer Information Systems, Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Mathematics and Statistics, Physics, and Software Engineering.<br />
<br />
The building includes prototype robot fabrication and testing laboratories, 3-D virtual reality simulators including a Holo-Deck, and a glass wall atrium that will help put science into the public view. This construction is based on Project Kaleidoscope, a national initiative project funded by the National Science Foundation and the Keck Foundation. The facility is one of the first of its kind to be constructed in the nation.<br />
<br />
The building's mascot is a robot named PHLEN (PHenomenally Lifelike Eidetic Nerd) who is deployed to meet guests and give tours of the buildings more advanced features.<br />
<br />
===Rankings===<br />
With rising enrollments and budgets, UWF has been favorably reviewed by outside observers, including the US News and World Report annual study of colleges and universities. The university was voted a "Best Southeastern College" by The Princeton Review.<ref>[http://www.princetonreview.com/college/research/regional/regional_results.asp?state=FL&region=SE Best Southeastern Colleges by the Princeton Review]</ref><br />
<br />
===Library===<br />
{{main|John C. Pace Library}}<br />
The '''John C. Pace Library''' is an academic library and is the largest library in the [[Northwest Florida]] area. In addition to the main library on the main campus north of Pensacola, there is a branch library in [[Fort Walton Beach]]. It has 628,000 printed volumes, 1 million microfilms and microfiches, 3,000 serial subscriptions and nearly 2,000 online journal subscriptions.<ref>[http://www.lib.uwf.edu/about.shtml About the library]</ref><br />
<br />
== Tuition and Costs==<br />
* Florida Resident-- $2,860 tuition and fees; $6,600 room and board; $1,000 for books<br />
* Alabama Resident-- $3,900 tuition and fees; $6,600 room and board; $1,000 for books<br />
* Non-Resident-- $13,702 tuition and fees; $6,600 room and board; $1,000 for books<br />
(approximate costs for the 2006-2007 academic year from the official UWF webpage){{Fact|date=February 2007}}<br />
<br />
== School Songs ==<br />
====The Alma Mater====<br />
''Where learning's light sends forth its beam''<br /><br />
''Through darkness of our youth,''<br /><br />
''There you, West Florida, home of dreams''<br /><br />
''Prepare the way of truth.''<br /><br />
''You guide us toward tomorrow's shore''<br /><br />
''With knowledge of our past;''<br /><br />
''Your power in us rests secure,''<br /><br />
''And evermore will last.''<br /><br />
''Your stately mansions were our home''<br /><br />
''Where minds and hearts are free''<br /><br />
''And though we may far from you roam,''<br /><br />
''We'll always honor thee.''<br />
<br />
====The Chambered Nautilus====<br />
''Build thee more stately mansions, O my soul,''<br /><br />
''As the swift seasons roll!''<br /><br />
''Leave thy low-vaulted past!''<br /><br />
''Let each new temple, nobler than the last,''<br /><br />
''Shut thee from heaven with a dome more vast,''<br /><br />
''Till thou at length art free,''<br /><br />
''Leaving thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea!''<br /><br />
<br />
''The Chambered Nautilus'' is a poem selected by UWF founding president Crosby. It is the reason for the school emblem, which is the Nautilus shell.<br />
<br />
==Campuses==<br />
===Main Campus===<br />
The main campus of 1,600 acres of rolling hills and natural woodland along the [[Escambia River]] is ten miles north of [[Downtown Pensacola]]. Its facilities have been designed to complement the natural forest and waterways.<br />
<br />
===Fort Walton Beach, Florida===<br />
UWF shares a branch campus in [[Fort Walton Beach]], with [[Okaloosa-Walton College]], and has several centers and sites where academic programs and/or courses are taught.<br />
<br />
===Historic Pensacola Village===<br />
{{main|Historic Pensacola Village}}<br />
In [[2001]], the university acquired [[Historic Pensacola Village|Historic Pensacola, Inc]], the previously state-controlled group that manages the [[Historic Pensacola Village]]. A few years later, [[John C. Cavanaugh|Dr. John C. Cavanaugh]] became the fourth president on [[July 15]], [[2002]]. Under his supervision the university has created several classes taught by and/or in conjunction with the staff at Historic Pensacola. The [[Clara Barkley Dorr House]] was also appropriated as a downtown home for the institute president.<ref>[http://www.uwf.edu/trustees/committees/finance/fm_040617.doc Finance, Administration and Audit Committee Minutes - June 17, 2004]</ref><br />
<br />
===Other locations===<br />
In addition, the University of West Florida has waterfront property on [[Santa Rosa Island]] that is available for recreational, academic, and research pursuits. The University operates the OWC/UWF Fort Walton Beach Campus, the [[Eglin Air Force Base]] Center, and offices at [[Naval Air Station Pensacola]], [[Hurlburt Field]], and [[Whiting Field]].<br />
<br />
==Student Life==<br />
=== Greek Life ===<br />
====North-American Interfraternity Conference fraternities====<br />
*Alpha Tau Omega (AΤΩ) - <sup>Eta Psi Chapter</sup><br />
*Kappa Alpha Order (ΚA) - <sup>Epsilon Sigma Chapter</sup><br />
*Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ΣAE) - <sup>Florida Sigma Chapter</sup><br />
*Sigma Alpha Mu (ΣAM) - <sup>Delta Eta Chapter</sup><br />
*Sigma Chi (ΣΧ) - <sup>Lambda Beta</sup><br />
*Tau Kappa Epsilon (TKE) - <sup>Tau Psi Chapter</sup><br />
<br />
====National Panhellenic Conference sororities====<br />
*Alpha Gamma Delta (AΓΔ) - <sup>Theta Lambda Chapter</sup><br />
*Alpha Delta Pi (AΔΠ) - <sup>Zeta Epsilon Chapter</sup><br />
*Alpha Chi Omega (AΧΩ) - <sup>Kappa Xi Chapter</sup><br />
*Phi Sigma Sigma (ΦΣΣ) - <sup>Delta Psi chapter</sup><br />
<br />
====National Pan-Hellenic Council fraternity/sorority====<br />
*Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA) - Beta Gamma Chapter<br />
*Zeta Phi Beta (ZΦB) - Nu Eta Chapter<br />
*Delta Sigma Theta (ΔΣθ) - Nu Kappa Chapter<br />
*Phi Beta Sigma (ΦBΣ) - Beta Beta Phi Chapter<br />
<br />
====Local Greek organization====<br />
*Zeta Psi Eta (ΖΨΗ)<br />
<br />
====Multicultural Greek organization====<br />
*Delta Phi Lambda<ref>http://uwf.deltaphilambda.org</ref> (ΔΦΛ)<br />
<br />
====Professional Fraternity Association====<br />
*Delta Sigma Pi (ΔΣΠ)- Eta Upsilon Chapter<br />
<br />
===Activities===<br />
UWF hosts many opportunities for involvement through student clubs and organizations. Registered Student Organizations, administered by the University Commons, include: academic clubs, Greek organizations, professional and honor societies, religious organizations and special interest groups.<br />
<br />
===Housing===<br />
Nearly 1,500 students choose to live on campus. UWF offers traditional residence halls, small community residence halls, and University-owned apartment complexes. Single-student housing is also available.<ref>[http://uwf.edu/housing/ UWF Housing]</ref><br />
<br />
====Traditional residence halls====<br />
*Argo Hall<br />
*Martin Hall<br />
*Pace Hall<br />
*Heritage Hall (opened in the 2010-2011 school year)<br />
<br />
====Single-student housing====<br />
*Southside Villages<br />
<br />
====Student apartments====<br />
*University Village Student Apartments-East<br />
*University Village Student Apartments-West<br />
<br />
===Athletics===<br />
UWF intercollegiate athletics compete in the NCAA Division II Gulf South Conference.<br />
<br />
As of the Fall 2006, the UWF Men's soccer team ranked third in Division II.<ref>[http://www.gulfsouthconference.org/scheduleResults.asp?sport=MEN'S%20SOCCER Conference/National Ranking Information]</ref><br />
<br />
On August 18, 2011, UWF announced that they plan to organize a football team.<br />
====Men's intercollegiate sports====<br />
* Baseball <br />
* Soccer<br />
* Basketball <br />
* Tennis<br />
* Cross country <br />
* Golf<br />
* Sailing<br />
<br />
====Women's intercollegiate sports====<br />
* Basketball <br />
* Tennis<br />
* Cross country <br />
* Golf<br />
* Softball <br />
* Soccer<br />
* Volleyball <br />
* Track<br />
* Sailing<br />
Students and alumni often joke that UWF stands for "University Without Football", due to the school's lack of a football program.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}<br />
<br />
===Mascot===<br />
[[Image:09_argo.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Fall 2009: New Athletic Mascot.]]<br />
<br />
UWF's official mascot is the [[Argonaut]], a mythical group of Greek sailors, who accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest for the Golden Fleece. However, the official logo of the institution is the Chambered Nautilus; because of this, students jokingly refer to themselves as the UWF "Fighting Seashells."{{Fact|date=February 2007}}<br />
<br />
Dr. [[Harold Crosby]], the university’s first president, selected the chambered nautilus to represent UWF because he was inspired by the poem [http://www.uwf.edu/standards/graphic/pop/poem.html The Chambered Nautilus] by Oliver Wendell Holmes; it is "a symbol of growth, change and accomplishment."<ref name ="Nautilus">[http://www.uwf.edu/standards/graphic/logo.html Offical page about the logo]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<div class="references-small"><br />
<references/><br />
</div><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.uwf.edu Official website]<br />
*[http://www.thevoyager.net UWF student newspaper, The Voyager]<br />
<br />
[[Category:University of West Florida|*]]<br />
[[Category:Education]]<br />
[[Category:Culture]]</div>Tacokittyhttps://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Yellow_fever&diff=23310Yellow fever2011-08-21T03:36:33Z<p>Tacokitty: /* 1882 */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
'''[[Wikipedia:Yellow fever|Yellow fever]]''' epidemics occurred frequently in Pensacola throughout the 19th century. The last epidemic occurred in 1905.<br />
<br />
Pensacola physicians who risked and sometimes lost their lives treating yellow fever could do little more than diagnose the disease. There was no effective treatment. Even today, treatment is symptomatic and supportive only. The first vaccine was not developed until 1937.<br />
<br />
==History of treatment==<br />
Prior to the early 1900s, it was not generally understood that yellow fever is transmitted not by person-to-person contact, but by mosquitoes. The first scientific evidence that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquitoes was obtained by Cuban physician and scientist [[Wikipedia:Carlos Finlay|Carlos Finlay]] in 1881, but his research was not generally accepted until a team lead by [[Wikipedia:Walter Reed|Walter Reed]] reached the same conclusion in 1901.<br />
<br />
In 1884, after a particularly harsh epidemic two years prior, the Board of Health instituted a policy of refusing harbor entry to suspect vessels. The first vessel excluded was the bark ''Kedron'' of Rio de Janeiro. The ''Kedron'' then sailed for Quebec and lost her captain en route from yellow fever.<br />
<br />
After the epidemic of 1905, the swamps around Pensacola were drained, resulting in the eradication of yellow fever in the area.<ref name="bigler">[http://www.doh.state.fl.us/Disease_ctrl/epi/Epi_Updates/1999/eu990415.html Bigler, William J. "Florida Past: Roots of Public Health in Escambia County"]</ref><br />
<br />
==Epidemics by year==<br />
Yellow fever epidemics struck Pensacola in the following years:<ref name="choppin">Choppin, Samuel. [http://books.google.com/books?id=K3YCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA195&lpg=PA195&dq=%22yellow+fever%22+epidemic+pensacola&source=web&ots=cCcppAaviP&sig=QRrgi6QZmxcVlfP_ZyiwjqMTJ_c&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result "History of the The Importation of Yellow Fever Into the United States From, 1693 to 1878."] ''Public Health Reports and Papers, Volume IV: 190-206'', American Public Health Association. Houghton, Osgood and Company, 1880.</ref> (This list may not be complete.)<br />
<br />
===[[1822]]===<br />
In the epidemic of 1822, most residents of the Pensacola area either fled or died. According to one estimate, the population was reduced from about 4000 before the epidemic to about 1400 after; a different estimate appears below. Commerce and industry were almost entirely destroyed.<ref name="bigler"/> The first legislature of the Territory of Pensacola met in Pensacola in 1822. Because of the epidemic, the legislative sessions were moved to a farm 15 miles out of town.<ref>Wilkerson, Lyn. ["Roads Less Traveled: Exploring America's Past on its Back Roads", http://books.google.com/books?id=gg_LxZfWx0MC], p.417. iUniverse, 2000</ref><br />
<br />
Here are a few excerpts from eyewitness accounts of the epidemic:<ref>"1822 Yellow Fever" http://genealogytrails.com/fla/escambia/epidemic_1822.html</ref><br />
<br />
"A terrible epidemic has visited Pensacola... About a hundred and fifty have, in twenty days, been consigned to the tomb, and as many as eighteen have fallen in a single day. Never, perhaps, was a fever more universally fatal, utterly defying the aid of medicine; no instance of a recovery after an attack, has occurred."<br />
<br />
"It is impossible to give you an idea of the extent of the calamity which has befallen Pensacola; out of a population of fourteen hundred, which it was said to contain when we arrived, short of four hundred now remain; the rest have either died or made their escape. We are the only American family that remains alive in the place, and there are but very few other Americans here... All our authorities have either died or deserted... You may cast your eyes for hours every day round and not see an individual moving, save the hardened carman with his heavy loaded hearse."<br />
<br />
===[[1825]]===<br />
<br />
===[[1834]]===<br />
<br />
===[[1835]]===<br />
In 1835, yellow fever spread to the Navy Yard and throughout ships in the harbor.<ref name="bigler"/><br />
<br />
===[[1839]]===<br />
This epidemic was introduced by a patient from New Orleans. He and several physicians attending him all died. Members of the family where he was sick also contracted the disease<ref name="choppin"/>.<br />
<br />
===[[1841]]<ref name="bigler"/>===<br />
<br />
===[[1842]]===<br />
<br />
===[[1843]]===<br />
<br />
===[[1844]]===<br />
<br />
===[[1845]]===<br />
<br />
===[[1846]]===<br />
<br />
===[[1847]]===<br />
<br />
===[[1853]]===<br />
<br />
===[[1867]]===<br />
The epidemic of 1867 struck despite efforts to quarantine ships upon their arrival in Pensacola. Crewmen arriving on ships from locations where yellow fever was active, such as Jamaica and New Orleans, fell ill after their ships had been released from quarantine. The disease spread to Pensacola, Warrington, and Woolsey. Most of the marines at the Navy Yard came down with the disease. Most of the healthy people in Pensacola fled the city. John Brackett<ref>Brackett, John Matthew. [http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04102005-230201/ "'The Naples of America,' Pensacola during the Civil War and Reconstruction"]. Master of Arts thesis, Florida State University</ref> estimates that between 150 and 200 persons died of yellow fever in the Pensacola area; many more fell ill but recovered.<br />
<br />
===[[1873]]===<br />
<br />
===[[1874]]===<br />
The 1874 epidemic killed 354 of Pensacola's 1400 residents. In the mistaken belief that the disease was usually transmitted by day, victims were buried in the cemetery at night by the light of lanterns.<ref>[Zemenick, D.J. http://barrierislandgirl.blogspot.com/2006/10/st-michaels-cemetery-history-of.html "St. Michael's Cemetery - History of Pensacola"]</ref> Actually, the ''Aedes aegypti'' mosquito that transmits yellow fever generally bites at night.<ref name="Straight">Straight, William.["Yellow Fever at Miami: The Epidemic of 1899" http://digitalcollections.fiu.edu/tequesta/files/1995/95_1_02.pdf]</ref><br />
<br />
Commodore [[Melanchton B. Woolsey]], commandant of the [[Navy Yard]], correctly believed that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquitoes, some years before this was demonstrated scientifically. "He erroneously believed, as others did also, that disease carrying mosquitoes could only fly a few feet high. So Woolsey moved into the third-story cupola of [[Quarters A]]. He got his meals, rum (which he claimed was a 'tonic' against the fever) and tobacco for his pipe by lowering a basket on a rope from one of the cupola's windows. One day his servant forgot the rum! Woolsey died soon thereafter."<ref>[http://benefits.military.com/misc/installations/Base_Content.jsp?id=1080 "Military.com Installation Guide"]</ref> Shortly before the epidemic began, Woolsey had received orders to transfer to a northern post, but he had chosen to remain on duty in Pensacola.<ref>[http://famousamericans.net/melanchtontaylorwoolsey/ "Virtual American Biographies"]</ref>.<br />
<br />
===[[1882]]===<br />
On September 30, 1882, before the epidemic had concluded, the ''New York Times'' reported 783 cases of yellow fever in Pensacola, including 78 deaths.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9401E2DF1F3EE433A25752C0A9669D94639FD7CF "The Yellow Fever Scourge; Rapid Spread of the Disease in Pensacola and Need of Aid"] The New York Times, September 30, 1882</ref> The New York Times also reported that "the state of Alabama has quarantined against Pensacola. Unless some arrangement can be made to avert the disaster, all trains will be withdrawn, and the city will be cut off from mails and supplies."<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E07E6DA1E3EE433A25751C0A96F9C94639FD7CF "Yellow Fever's Victims; A Scourge in the South -- A Quarantine Against Pensacola"] The New York Times, September 2, 1882</ref><br />
<br />
In a contemporaneous account of the 1882 epidemic, [[R. B. S. Hargis]], a physician who treated numerous yellow fever cases in Pensacola, reported that at the Pensacola Navy yard and in the adjacent villages of [[Warrington]] and [[Woolsey]], with a total population of between 1300 and 1400, there were 167 cases of yellow fever and 33 deaths.<br />
<br />
Although some medical authorities at the time correctly realized that yellow fever is not infectious from the sick the the healthy, Dr. Hargis disagreed with this conclusion, based on his personal experience. "My practice taught me... that on leaving an infected ship<br />
I carried the disease in a severe form to my wife, who was far from the infected locality, and who communicated it to my youngest child."<br />
<br />
Dr. Hargis had a vague idea that something in the air expedited the transmission of the disease, but did not state that that mosquitoes were involved: "Certain unknown conditions of the atmosphere obtain at times, which favor the reproduction and dissemination of the ''morbific principle'', and when this occurs, no means of disinfection or of staying its progress known to sanitarians are adequate to destroy it, or even mitigate or lessen its potency."<br />
<br />
Dr. Hargis reported "exceedingly stringent precautions around our city to prevent refugees communicating the disease."<ref>Hargis, R.B.S. [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2272478 "The Pensacola Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1882"]</ref><br />
<br />
{{cquote|The Spanish vessel ''Salita'' was responsible for a terrible epidemic in 1882, bringing the disease from Havana. There were 2,200 cases, 1,200 being Negroes. Only two of the latter died; but there were approximately 250 fatalities among the whites. Dr. James S. Herron was at the head of the hospital and gave devoted service to the ill. Dr. Robert B. S. Hargis, President of the County Board of Health, was an able assistant, as was the secretary, Dr. Whitney.|20px|20px|[[Occie Clubbs]], writing in the ''Florida Historical Quarterly''.}}<br />
<br />
===[[1888]]===<br />
<br />
===[[1905]]===<br />
The epidemic of 1905 was quickly brought under control by vigorously eradicating mosquitoes and by isolating victims under mosquito netting to prevent transmission of the virus from victims to mosquitoes.<ref name="Straight"/><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Yellow fever|Yellow fever]]</div>Tacokitty