https://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez&feed=atom&action=historyBernardo de Gálvez - Revision history2024-03-28T23:09:03ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.32.2https://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez&diff=27976&oldid=prev107.178.40.50: Deleting unnecessary nonsense2017-02-08T01:08:19Z<p>Deleting unnecessary nonsense</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Natives of Spain|Gálvez, Bernardo de]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Natives of Spain|Gálvez, Bernardo de]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Yyoyyoyoyoyoyoyoyyoyiyiyiyiuiuyiyiyiyiyiyiyyi😟😬😟😟💂😐💂😐💂😐👶😴👶😴😕</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table>107.178.40.50https://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez&diff=27457&oldid=prev108.227.76.36: /* Commemorations */2015-04-14T23:50:31Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Commemorations</span></span></p>
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</table>108.227.76.36https://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez&diff=22668&oldid=prevAdmin: Reverted edits by 165.138.202.253 (talk) to last revision by Admin2011-04-13T16:01:32Z<p>Reverted edits by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/165.138.202.253" title="Special:Contributions/165.138.202.253">165.138.202.253</a> (<a href="/mediawiki/index.php?title=User_talk:165.138.202.253&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:165.138.202.253 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) to last revision by <a href="/wiki/User:Admin" title="User:Admin">Admin</a></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:01, 13 April 2011</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gálvez was born in [[Wikipedia:Macharaviaya|Macharaviaya]], a mountain village in the province of [[Wikipedia:Málaga|Málaga]], Spain, on [[July 23]], [[1746]]. He studied military sciences at the Academia de Ávila and at the age of 16 participated in the [[Wikipedia:Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762)|Spanish invasion of Portugal]], where he was promoted to lieutenant. He arrived in [[Wikipedia:Viceroyalty of New Spain|New Spain]], then Mexico, in [[1762]]. As a captain, he fought the Apache Indians, with his Opata Indian allies. He received many wounds, several of them serious. In [[1770]], he was promoted to commandant of arms of Nueva Vizcaya y Sonora, northern provinces of New Spain.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gálvez was born in [[Wikipedia:Macharaviaya|Macharaviaya]], a mountain village in the province of [[Wikipedia:Málaga|Málaga]], Spain, on [[July 23]], [[1746]]. He studied military sciences at the Academia de Ávila and at the age of 16 participated in the [[Wikipedia:Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762)|Spanish invasion of Portugal]], where he was promoted to lieutenant. He arrived in [[Wikipedia:Viceroyalty of New Spain|New Spain]], then Mexico, in [[1762]]. As a captain, he fought the Apache Indians, with his Opata Indian allies. He received many wounds, several of them serious. In [[1770]], he was promoted to commandant of arms of Nueva Vizcaya y Sonora, northern provinces of New Spain.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In [[1772]], he returned to Spain in the company of his uncle, José de Gálvez. Later, he was sent to Pau, France with the Cantabria regiment. There, he learned to speak French, which served him well when he became governor of Louisiana. He was transferred to [[Wikipedia:Seville|Seville, Spain]] in [[1775]], and then participated in the failed expedition of [[Wikipedia:Alejandro O'Reilly|Alejandro O'Reilly]] to Algiers. Gálvez himself was seriously wounded. After capturing the fortress that guarded the city, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He then became a professor at the military academy of Ávila<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. and a goat</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In [[1772]], he returned to Spain in the company of his uncle, José de Gálvez. Later, he was sent to Pau, France with the Cantabria regiment. There, he learned to speak French, which served him well when he became governor of Louisiana. He was transferred to [[Wikipedia:Seville|Seville, Spain]] in [[1775]], and then participated in the failed expedition of [[Wikipedia:Alejandro O'Reilly|Alejandro O'Reilly]] to Algiers. Gálvez himself was seriously wounded. After capturing the fortress that guarded the city, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He then became a professor at the military academy of Ávila.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Governance of Louisiana==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Governance of Louisiana==</div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez&diff=22667&oldid=prev165.138.202.253: /* Early life */2011-04-13T15:44:35Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Early life</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gálvez was born in [[Wikipedia:Macharaviaya|Macharaviaya]], a mountain village in the province of [[Wikipedia:Málaga|Málaga]], Spain, on [[July 23]], [[1746]]. He studied military sciences at the Academia de Ávila and at the age of 16 participated in the [[Wikipedia:Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762)|Spanish invasion of Portugal]], where he was promoted to lieutenant. He arrived in [[Wikipedia:Viceroyalty of New Spain|New Spain]], then Mexico, in [[1762]]. As a captain, he fought the Apache Indians, with his Opata Indian allies. He received many wounds, several of them serious. In [[1770]], he was promoted to commandant of arms of Nueva Vizcaya y Sonora, northern provinces of New Spain.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gálvez was born in [[Wikipedia:Macharaviaya|Macharaviaya]], a mountain village in the province of [[Wikipedia:Málaga|Málaga]], Spain, on [[July 23]], [[1746]]. He studied military sciences at the Academia de Ávila and at the age of 16 participated in the [[Wikipedia:Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762)|Spanish invasion of Portugal]], where he was promoted to lieutenant. He arrived in [[Wikipedia:Viceroyalty of New Spain|New Spain]], then Mexico, in [[1762]]. As a captain, he fought the Apache Indians, with his Opata Indian allies. He received many wounds, several of them serious. In [[1770]], he was promoted to commandant of arms of Nueva Vizcaya y Sonora, northern provinces of New Spain.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In [[1772]], he returned to Spain in the company of his uncle, José de Gálvez. Later, he was sent to Pau, France with the Cantabria regiment. There, he learned to speak French, which served him well when he became governor of Louisiana. He was transferred to [[Wikipedia:Seville|Seville, Spain]] in [[1775]], and then participated in the failed expedition of [[Wikipedia:Alejandro O'Reilly|Alejandro O'Reilly]] to Algiers. Gálvez himself was seriously wounded. After capturing the fortress that guarded the city, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He then became a professor at the military academy of Ávila.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In [[1772]], he returned to Spain in the company of his uncle, José de Gálvez. Later, he was sent to Pau, France with the Cantabria regiment. There, he learned to speak French, which served him well when he became governor of Louisiana. He was transferred to [[Wikipedia:Seville|Seville, Spain]] in [[1775]], and then participated in the failed expedition of [[Wikipedia:Alejandro O'Reilly|Alejandro O'Reilly]] to Algiers. Gálvez himself was seriously wounded. After capturing the fortress that guarded the city, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He then became a professor at the military academy of Ávila<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. and a goat</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Governance of Louisiana==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Governance of Louisiana==</div></td></tr>
</table>165.138.202.253https://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez&diff=22605&oldid=prevAdmin at 17:34, 11 April 20112011-04-11T17:34:32Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">66KoD8 Wow! Great thinking! JK</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{Infobox Biography</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| subject_name =Bernardo de Gálvez</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| image_name =Bernardo de Galvez.jpg</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| image_size =200px</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| image_caption =</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| date_of_birth =[[July 23]], [[1746]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| place_of_birth =Málaga, Spain</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| date_of_death =[[November 30]], [[1786]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| place_of_death =Mexico City</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| occupation =Spanish general</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| religion =</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| spouse =Marie Felice de Saint-Maxent Estrehan</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| parents =</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| children =Miguel, Matilde and Guadalupe</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid''', Viscount of Galveston and Count of Gálvez (Spanish: ''Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, vizconde de Gálveztown y conde de Gálvez'') was a Spanish military leader and the general of Spanish forces in New Spain. He also served as governor of Louisiana and Cuba. He is commemorated in Pensacola history for his successful capture of the city in [[1781]]'s [[Battle of Pensacola, 1781|Battle of Pensacola]].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gálvez aided the [[Wikipedia:Thirteen Colonies|Thirteen Colonies]] in their quest for independence and led the Spanish armies against Britain in the Revolutionary War, defeating the British at Pensacola and reconquering Florida for Spain.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Early life==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gálvez was born in [[Wikipedia:Macharaviaya|Macharaviaya]], a mountain village in the province of [[Wikipedia:Málaga|Málaga]], Spain, on [[July 23]], [[1746]]. He studied military sciences at the Academia de Ávila and at the age of 16 participated in the [[Wikipedia:Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762)|Spanish invasion of Portugal]], where he was promoted to lieutenant. He arrived in [[Wikipedia:Viceroyalty of New Spain|New Spain]], then Mexico, in [[1762]]. As a captain, he fought the Apache Indians, with his Opata Indian allies. He received many wounds, several of them serious. In [[1770]], he was promoted to commandant of arms of Nueva Vizcaya y Sonora, northern provinces of New Spain.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In [[1772]], he returned to Spain in the company of his uncle, José de Gálvez. Later, he was sent to Pau, France with the Cantabria regiment. There, he learned to speak French, which served him well when he became governor of Louisiana. He was transferred to [[Wikipedia:Seville|Seville, Spain]] in [[1775]], and then participated in the failed expedition of [[Wikipedia:Alejandro O'Reilly|Alejandro O'Reilly]] to Algiers. Gálvez himself was seriously wounded. After capturing the fortress that guarded the city, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He then became a professor at the military academy of Ávila.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Governance of Louisiana==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In [[1777]], he was sent to Louisiana, as a colonel and interim governor of the province. This was the large territory that later became the Louisiana Purchase. It had been ceded by France to Spain, in [[1763]], in compensation for the loss of Florida to England. In [[1779]], he was promoted to brigadier.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He practiced an anti-British policy as governor, taking measures against British smuggling and promoting trade with France. He also established free trade with Cuba and Yucatán. He founded [[Wikipedia:Galvez, Louisiana|Galvez Town]] in [[1778]], and promoted colonization of [[Wikipedia:Nueva Iberia|Nueva Iberia]].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">===Revolutionary War===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gálvez was sent to Florida by Martín de Mayorga, the Viceroy of New Spain, to lead an expedition of colonial troops to aid American colonists in their rebellion against Britain. Spain's motive was the chance to recover territories lost to the British, particularly Florida, and to remove the on-going British threat. On [[June 21]], [[1779]], Spain declared war on England.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">On [[June 25]], a confidential letter was sent from London to General [[Wikipedia:John Campbell of Strachur|John Campbell]], the British general at Pensacola, in which King George III and Lord George Germain instructed Campbell to organize an attack upon New Orleans. This letter was intercepted by Gálvez, allowing him to make preparations, and his forces defeated the British at [[Wikipedia:Battle of Fort Bute|Manchac]], [[Wikipedia:Battle of Baton Rouge (1779)|Baton Rouge]], and Natchez. In [[1780]], Gálvez recaptured [[Mobile]] from the British at the [[Wikipedia:Battle of Fort Charlotte|Battle of Fort Charlotte]].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">On [[March 9]], [[1781]], Gálvez began an amphibious [[Battle of Pensacola, 1781|siege on Pensacola]]. The siege culminated on [[May 8]], when Spanish artillery fire caused the British powder magazine to explode. Spanish forces overran the remaining British contingent at [[Fort George]] and took Pensacola.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The loss of Mobile and Pensacola left the British with no bases in the Gulf of Mexico, except for Jamaica. In [[1782]], he captured the British naval base at New Providence in the Bahamas.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Later life==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He spent the last two years of his life as viceroy of New Spain, succeeding his father Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo, who had been viceroy before him.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He took ill and died at Mexico City on [[November 30]], [[1786]].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Personal life==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In [[1777]], he married Marie Felice de Saint-Maxent Estrehan, a young [[Wikipedia:Criollo people|Criolla]] widow. They had three children, Miguel, Matilde and Guadalupe.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Commemorations==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Image:GalvezBust.jpg|thumb|right|Bust of Galvez at [[Fort George]]]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In Pensacola, Gálvez is honored with a bust at the site of [[Fort George]].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Elsewhere, [[Wikipedia:Galveston, Texas|Galveston, Texas]] and several other places are named for him.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Natives of Spain|Gálvez, Bernardo de]]</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Adminhttps://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez&diff=22407&oldid=prev207.87.111.50: LTuHSSVcxIzPCinP2011-04-09T19:37:33Z<p>LTuHSSVcxIzPCinP</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:37, 9 April 2011</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| date_of_birth =[[July 23]], [[1746]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid''', Viscount of Galveston and Count of Gálvez (Spanish: ''Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, vizconde de Gálveztown y conde de Gálvez'') was a Spanish military leader and the general of Spanish forces in New Spain. He also served as governor of Louisiana and Cuba. He is commemorated in Pensacola history for his successful capture of the city in [[1781]]'s [[Battle of Pensacola, 1781|Battle of Pensacola]].</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gálvez aided the [[Wikipedia:Thirteen Colonies|Thirteen Colonies]] in their quest for independence and led the Spanish armies against Britain in the Revolutionary War, defeating the British at Pensacola and reconquering Florida for Spain.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Early life==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gálvez was born in [[Wikipedia:Macharaviaya|Macharaviaya]], a mountain village in the province of [[Wikipedia:Málaga|Málaga]], Spain, on [[July 23]], [[1746]]. He studied military sciences at the Academia de Ávila and at the age of 16 participated in the [[Wikipedia:Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762)|Spanish invasion of Portugal]], where he was promoted to lieutenant. He arrived in [[Wikipedia:Viceroyalty of New Spain|New Spain]], then Mexico, in [[1762]]. As a captain, he fought the Apache Indians, with his Opata Indian allies. He received many wounds, several of them serious. In [[1770]], he was promoted to commandant of arms of Nueva Vizcaya y Sonora, northern provinces of New Spain.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In [[1772]], he returned to Spain in the company of his uncle, José de Gálvez. Later, he was sent to Pau, France with the Cantabria regiment. There, he learned to speak French, which served him well when he became governor of Louisiana. He was transferred to [[Wikipedia:Seville|Seville, Spain]] in [[1775]], and then participated in the failed expedition of [[Wikipedia:Alejandro O'Reilly|Alejandro O'Reilly]] to Algiers. Gálvez himself was seriously wounded. After capturing the fortress that guarded the city, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He then became a professor at the military academy of Ávila.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Governance of Louisiana==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In [[1777]], he was sent to Louisiana, as a colonel and interim governor of the province. This was the large territory that later became the Louisiana Purchase. It had been ceded by France to Spain, in [[1763]], in compensation for the loss of Florida to England. In [[1779]], he was promoted to brigadier.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He practiced an anti-British policy as governor, taking measures against British smuggling and promoting trade with France. He also established free trade with Cuba and Yucatán. He founded [[Wikipedia:Galvez, Louisiana|Galvez Town]] in [[1778]], and promoted colonization of [[Wikipedia:Nueva Iberia|Nueva Iberia]].</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">===Revolutionary War===</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gálvez was sent to Florida by Martín de Mayorga, the Viceroy of New Spain, to lead an expedition kkkkkkkkkkkkktroops to aid American colonists in their rebellion against Britain. Spain's motive was the chance to recover territories lost to the British, particularly Florida, and to remove the on-going British threat. On [[June 21]], [[1779]], Spain declared war on England.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">On [[June 25]], a confidential letter was sent from London to General [[Wikipedia:John Campbell of Strachur|John Campbell]], the British general at Pensacola, in which King George III and Lord George Germain instructed Campbell to organize an attack upon New Orleans. This letter was intercepted by Gálvez, allowing him to make preparations, and his forces defeated the British at [[Wikipedia:Battle of Fort Bute|Manchac]], [[Wikipedia:Battle of Baton Rouge (1779)|Baton Rouge]], and Natchez. In [[1780]], Gálvez recaptured [[Mobile]] from the British at the [[Wikipedia:Battle of Fort Charlotte|Battle of Fort Charlotte]].</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">On [[March 9]], [[1781]], Gálvez began an amphibious [[Battle of Pensacola, 1781|siege on Pensacola]]. The siege culminated on [[May 8]], when Spanish artillery fire caused the British powder magazine to explode. Spanish forces overran the remaining British contingent at [[Fort George]] and took Pensacola.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The loss of Mobile and Pensacola left the British with no bases in the Gulf of Mexico, except for Jamaica. In [[1782]], he captured the British naval base at New Providence in the Bahamas.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Later life==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He spent the last two years of his life as viceroy of New Spain, succeeding his father Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo, who had been viceroy before him.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He took ill and died at Mexico City on [[November 30]], [[1786]].</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Personal life==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In [[1777]], he married Marie Felice de Saint-Maxent Estrehan, a young [[Wikipedia:Criollo people|Criolla]] widow. They had three children, Miguel, Matilde and Guadalupe.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Commemorations==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Image:GalvezBust.jpg|thumb|right|Bust of Galvez at [[Fort George]]]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In Pensacola, Gálvez is honored with a bust at the site of [[Fort George]].</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Elsewhere, [[Wikipedia:Galveston, Texas|Galveston, Texas]] and several other places are named for him.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Natives of Spain|Gálvez, Bernardo de]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table>207.87.111.50https://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez&diff=22217&oldid=prev204.8.12.66: /* Revolutionary War */2011-03-25T14:25:19Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Revolutionary War</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:25, 25 March 2011</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Revolutionary War===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Revolutionary War===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gálvez was sent to Florida by Martín de Mayorga, the Viceroy of New Spain, to lead an expedition <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of colonial troops </del>to aid American colonists in their rebellion against Britain. Spain's motive was the chance to recover territories lost to the British, particularly Florida, and to remove the on-going British threat. On [[June 21]], [[1779]], Spain declared war on England.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gálvez was sent to Florida by Martín de Mayorga, the Viceroy of New Spain, to lead an expedition <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">kkkkkkkkkkkkktroops </ins>to aid American colonists in their rebellion against Britain. Spain's motive was the chance to recover territories lost to the British, particularly Florida, and to remove the on-going British threat. On [[June 21]], [[1779]], Spain declared war on England.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[June 25]], a confidential letter was sent from London to General [[Wikipedia:John Campbell of Strachur|John Campbell]], the British general at Pensacola, in which King George III and Lord George Germain instructed Campbell to organize an attack upon New Orleans. This letter was intercepted by Gálvez, allowing him to make preparations, and his forces defeated the British at [[Wikipedia:Battle of Fort Bute|Manchac]], [[Wikipedia:Battle of Baton Rouge (1779)|Baton Rouge]], and Natchez. In [[1780]], Gálvez recaptured [[Mobile]] from the British at the [[Wikipedia:Battle of Fort Charlotte|Battle of Fort Charlotte]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On [[June 25]], a confidential letter was sent from London to General [[Wikipedia:John Campbell of Strachur|John Campbell]], the British general at Pensacola, in which King George III and Lord George Germain instructed Campbell to organize an attack upon New Orleans. This letter was intercepted by Gálvez, allowing him to make preparations, and his forces defeated the British at [[Wikipedia:Battle of Fort Bute|Manchac]], [[Wikipedia:Battle of Baton Rouge (1779)|Baton Rouge]], and Natchez. In [[1780]], Gálvez recaptured [[Mobile]] from the British at the [[Wikipedia:Battle of Fort Charlotte|Battle of Fort Charlotte]].</div></td></tr>
</table>204.8.12.66https://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez&diff=16145&oldid=prevDscosson: /* Commemorations */2009-02-22T17:21:50Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Commemorations</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:21, 22 February 2009</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Commemorations==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Commemorations==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:GalvezBust.jpg|thumb|right|Bust of Galvez at [[Fort George]]]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In Pensacola, Gálvez is honored with a bust at the site of [[Fort George]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In Pensacola, Gálvez is honored with a bust at the site of [[Fort George]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Dscossonhttps://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez&diff=16141&oldid=prevDscosson at 16:50, 22 February 20092009-02-22T16:50:35Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:50, 22 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l23" >Line 23:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In [[1772]], he returned to Spain in the company of his uncle, José de Gálvez. Later, he was sent to Pau, France with the Cantabria regiment. There, he learned to speak French, which served him well when he became governor of Louisiana. He was transferred to [[Wikipedia:Seville|Seville, Spain]] in [[1775]], and then participated in the failed expedition of [[Wikipedia:Alejandro O'Reilly|Alejandro O'Reilly]] to Algiers. Gálvez himself was seriously wounded. After capturing the fortress that guarded the city, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He then became a professor at the military academy of Ávila.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In [[1772]], he returned to Spain in the company of his uncle, José de Gálvez. Later, he was sent to Pau, France with the Cantabria regiment. There, he learned to speak French, which served him well when he became governor of Louisiana. He was transferred to [[Wikipedia:Seville|Seville, Spain]] in [[1775]], and then participated in the failed expedition of [[Wikipedia:Alejandro O'Reilly|Alejandro O'Reilly]] to Algiers. Gálvez himself was seriously wounded. After capturing the fortress that guarded the city, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He then became a professor at the military academy of Ávila.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Governance of Louisiana <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and Revolutionary War</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Governance of Louisiana==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In [[1777]], he was sent to Louisiana, as a colonel and interim governor of the province. This was the large territory that later became the Louisiana Purchase. It had been ceded by France to Spain, in [[1763]], in compensation for the loss of Florida to England. In [[1779]], he was promoted to brigadier.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In [[1777]], he was sent to Louisiana, as a colonel and interim governor of the province. This was the large territory that later became the Louisiana Purchase. It had been ceded by France to Spain, in [[1763]], in compensation for the loss of Florida to England. In [[1779]], he was promoted to brigadier.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He practiced an anti-British policy as governor, taking measures against British smuggling and promoting trade with France. He also established free trade with Cuba and Yucatán. He founded [[Wikipedia:Galvez, Louisiana|Galvez Town]] in [[1778]], and promoted colonization of [[Wikipedia:Nueva Iberia|Nueva Iberia]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He practiced an anti-British policy as governor, taking measures against British smuggling and promoting trade with France. He also established free trade with Cuba and Yucatán. He founded [[Wikipedia:Galvez, Louisiana|Galvez Town]] in [[1778]], and promoted colonization of [[Wikipedia:Nueva Iberia|Nueva Iberia]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===Revolutionary War===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gálvez was sent to Florida by Martín de Mayorga, the Viceroy of New Spain, to lead an expedition of colonial troops to aid American colonists in their rebellion against Britain. Spain's motive was the chance to recover territories lost to the British, particularly Florida, and to remove the on-going British threat. On [[June 21]], [[1779]], Spain declared war on England.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gálvez was sent to Florida by Martín de Mayorga, the Viceroy of New Spain, to lead an expedition of colonial troops to aid American colonists in their rebellion against Britain. Spain's motive was the chance to recover territories lost to the British, particularly Florida, and to remove the on-going British threat. On [[June 21]], [[1779]], Spain declared war on England.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Dscossonhttps://www.pensapedia.com/mediawiki/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez&diff=16139&oldid=prevDscosson: New page: {{Infobox Biography | subject_name =Bernardo de Gálvez | image_name =Bernardo de Galvez.jpg | image_size =200px | image_caption = | date_of_birth =July 23, 1746 | plac...2009-02-22T16:47:20Z<p>New page: {{Infobox Biography | subject_name =Bernardo de Gálvez | image_name =Bernardo de Galvez.jpg | image_size =200px | image_caption = | date_of_birth =<a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a>, <a href="/wiki/1746" title="1746">1746</a> | plac...</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox Biography<br />
| subject_name =Bernardo de Gálvez<br />
| image_name =Bernardo de Galvez.jpg<br />
| image_size =200px<br />
| image_caption =<br />
| date_of_birth =[[July 23]], [[1746]]<br />
| place_of_birth =Málaga, Spain<br />
| date_of_death =[[November 30]], [[1786]]<br />
| place_of_death =Mexico City<br />
| occupation =Spanish general<br />
| religion =<br />
| spouse =Marie Felice de Saint-Maxent Estrehan<br />
| parents =<br />
| children =Miguel, Matilde and Guadalupe<br />
}}<br />
'''Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid''', Viscount of Galveston and Count of Gálvez (Spanish: ''Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, vizconde de Gálveztown y conde de Gálvez'') was a Spanish military leader and the general of Spanish forces in New Spain. He also served as governor of Louisiana and Cuba. He is commemorated in Pensacola history for his successful capture of the city in [[1781]]'s [[Battle of Pensacola, 1781|Battle of Pensacola]].<br />
<br />
Gálvez aided the [[Wikipedia:Thirteen Colonies|Thirteen Colonies]] in their quest for independence and led the Spanish armies against Britain in the Revolutionary War, defeating the British at Pensacola and reconquering Florida for Spain.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Gálvez was born in [[Wikipedia:Macharaviaya|Macharaviaya]], a mountain village in the province of [[Wikipedia:Málaga|Málaga]], Spain, on [[July 23]], [[1746]]. He studied military sciences at the Academia de Ávila and at the age of 16 participated in the [[Wikipedia:Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762)|Spanish invasion of Portugal]], where he was promoted to lieutenant. He arrived in [[Wikipedia:Viceroyalty of New Spain|New Spain]], then Mexico, in [[1762]]. As a captain, he fought the Apache Indians, with his Opata Indian allies. He received many wounds, several of them serious. In [[1770]], he was promoted to commandant of arms of Nueva Vizcaya y Sonora, northern provinces of New Spain.<br />
<br />
In [[1772]], he returned to Spain in the company of his uncle, José de Gálvez. Later, he was sent to Pau, France with the Cantabria regiment. There, he learned to speak French, which served him well when he became governor of Louisiana. He was transferred to [[Wikipedia:Seville|Seville, Spain]] in [[1775]], and then participated in the failed expedition of [[Wikipedia:Alejandro O'Reilly|Alejandro O'Reilly]] to Algiers. Gálvez himself was seriously wounded. After capturing the fortress that guarded the city, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He then became a professor at the military academy of Ávila.<br />
<br />
==Governance of Louisiana and Revolutionary War==<br />
In [[1777]], he was sent to Louisiana, as a colonel and interim governor of the province. This was the large territory that later became the Louisiana Purchase. It had been ceded by France to Spain, in [[1763]], in compensation for the loss of Florida to England. In [[1779]], he was promoted to brigadier.<br />
<br />
He practiced an anti-British policy as governor, taking measures against British smuggling and promoting trade with France. He also established free trade with Cuba and Yucatán. He founded [[Wikipedia:Galvez, Louisiana|Galvez Town]] in [[1778]], and promoted colonization of [[Wikipedia:Nueva Iberia|Nueva Iberia]].<br />
<br />
Gálvez was sent to Florida by Martín de Mayorga, the Viceroy of New Spain, to lead an expedition of colonial troops to aid American colonists in their rebellion against Britain. Spain's motive was the chance to recover territories lost to the British, particularly Florida, and to remove the on-going British threat. On [[June 21]], [[1779]], Spain declared war on England.<br />
<br />
On [[June 25]], a confidential letter was sent from London to General [[Wikipedia:John Campbell of Strachur|John Campbell]], the British general at Pensacola, in which King George III and Lord George Germain instructed Campbell to organize an attack upon New Orleans. This letter was intercepted by Gálvez, allowing him to make preparations, and his forces defeated the British at [[Wikipedia:Battle of Fort Bute|Manchac]], [[Wikipedia:Battle of Baton Rouge (1779)|Baton Rouge]], and Natchez. In [[1780]], Gálvez recaptured [[Mobile]] from the British at the [[Wikipedia:Battle of Fort Charlotte|Battle of Fort Charlotte]].<br />
<br />
On [[March 9]], [[1781]], Gálvez began an amphibious [[Battle of Pensacola, 1781|siege on Pensacola]]. The siege culminated on [[May 8]], when Spanish artillery fire caused the British powder magazine to explode. Spanish forces overran the remaining British contingent at [[Fort George]] and took Pensacola.<br />
<br />
The loss of Mobile and Pensacola left the British with no bases in the Gulf of Mexico, except for Jamaica. In [[1782]], he captured the British naval base at New Providence in the Bahamas.<br />
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==Later life==<br />
He spent the last two years of his life as viceroy of New Spain, succeeding his father Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo, who had been viceroy before him.<br />
<br />
He took ill and died at Mexico City on [[November 30]], [[1786]].<br />
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==Personal life==<br />
In [[1777]], he married Marie Felice de Saint-Maxent Estrehan, a young [[Wikipedia:Criollo people|Criolla]] widow. They had three children, Miguel, Matilde and Guadalupe.<br />
<br />
==Commemorations==<br />
In Pensacola, Gálvez is honored with a bust at the site of [[Fort George]].<br />
<br />
Elsewhere, [[Wikipedia:Galveston, Texas|Galveston, Texas]] and several other places are named for him.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Natives of Spain|Gálvez, Bernardo de]]</div>Dscosson